CSS2 Aural Reference
Aural Style Sheets
Aural style sheets use a combination of speech synthesis and sound effects to
make the user listen to information, instead of reading information.
Aural presentation can be used:
- by blind people
- to help users learning to read
- to help users who have reading problems
- for home entertainment
- in the car
- by print-impaired communities
The aural presentation converts the document to plain text and feed this to a
screen reader (a program that reads all the characters on the screen).
An example of an Aural style sheet:
h1, h2, h3, h4
{
voice-family: male;
richness: 80;
cue-before: url("beep.au")
}
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The example above will make the speech synthesizer play a sound, then speak
the headers in a very rich male voice.
CSS2 Aural Reference
W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation
the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).
| Property |
Description |
Values |
W3C |
| azimuth |
Sets where the sound/voices should come from (horizontally) |
angle
left-side
far-left
left
center-left
center
center-right
right
far-right
right-side
behind
leftwards
rightwards |
2 |
| cue |
A shorthand property for setting the cue-before and
cue-after properties
in one declaration |
cue-before
cue-after |
2 |
| cue-after |
Specifies a sound to be played after speaking an element's
content to delimit it from other |
none
url |
2 |
| cue-before |
Specifies a sound to be played before speaking an element's
content to delimit it from other |
none
url |
2 |
| elevation |
Sets where the sound/voices should come from (vertically) |
angle
below
level
above
higher
lower |
2 |
| pause |
A shorthand property for setting the pause-before and
pause-after properties
in one declaration |
pause-before
pause-after |
2 |
| pause-after |
Specifies a pause after speaking an element's content |
time
% |
2 |
| pause-before |
Specifies a pause before speaking an element's content |
time
% |
2 |
| pitch |
Specifies the speaking voice |
frequency
x-low
low
medium
high
x-high |
2 |
| pitch-range |
Specifies the variation in the speaking voice. (Monotone
voice or animated voice?) |
number |
2 |
| play-during |
Specifies a sound to be played while speaking an element's
content |
auto
none
url
mix
repeat |
2 |
| richness |
Specifies the richness in the speaking voice. (Rich voice
or thin voice?) |
number |
2 |
| speak |
Specifies whether content will render aurally |
normal
none
spell-out |
2 |
| speak-header |
Specifies how to handle table headers. Should the headers
be spoken before every cell, or only before a cell with a different header
than the previous cell |
always
once
|
2 |
| speak-numeral |
Specifies how to speak numbers |
digits
continuous |
2 |
| speak-punctuation |
Specifies how to speak punctuation characters |
none
code |
2 |
| speech-rate |
Specifies the speed of the speaking |
number
x-slow
slow
medium
fast
x-fast
faster
slower |
2 |
| stress |
Specifies the "stress" in the speaking voice |
number |
2 |
| voice-family |
A prioritized list of voice family names that contain
specific voices |
specific-voice
generic-voice |
2 |
| volume |
Specifies the volume of the speaking |
number
%
silent
x-soft
soft
medium
loud
x-loud |
2 |
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